Given our current weak position in global mineral markets, shortages of copper, nickel, and neodymium that undermine the entire U.S. energy system may replace the oil embargos of the 1970s as the primary threats to U.S. energy security. Using the ESI to track emerging threats to U.S. energy security – whether from disruptions in global energy markets, interruptions to mineral supply chains, or cyberattacks on U.S. energy infrastructure – offers a practical, effective way forward for managing future risks to U.S. energy security and improving America’s geopolitical position.